Elektriliste liitiumpatareide ringlussevõtu kanalite ehitamine läheneb kriitilisele hetkele
Samal ajal kui uue energiaga sõidukite tööstus õitseb ja areneb, on tööstuse fookusesse tõusnud ka akude ringlussevõtu küsimus. Pärast mitmeaastast arendustööd on lähenemas uute energiasõidukite massiline lammutamise periood. Kui suurt hulka kasutuselt kõrvaldatud akusid ei saa korralikult ringlusse võtta ja kasutada, ei põhjusta see mitte ainult ressursside raiskamist, vaid ka probleeme, nagu keskkonnareostus.
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
Tööstuse valupunktid: kõrge hind, nõrk majandus
Uute energiasõidukite pensioniaeg on tavaliselt 5 aastat ning sõiduautodel ja tarbesõidukitel 3 aastat. Enne 2022. aastat domineerivad kasutuselt kõrvaldatud akudes liitiumraudfosfaatakud. Pärast 2022. aastat on kasutuselt kõrvaldatud kolmekomponentsete patareide arv sama kui liitiumraudfosfaadi oma ja ületab neid järk-järgult. Jõuakude teoreetiline dekomisjoneerimisvõimsus 2018. aastal on eeldatavasti 5,14 GWh ning dekomisjoneerimise allikaks on peamiselt uued energiabussid.
Reporter sai teada, et seotud ettevõtteid juurutanud ettevõtted jagunevad peamiselt viide kategooriasse: traditsioonilised taaskasutusettevõtted, arenevad taaskasutusettevõtted, akukomplektide tehased, akumaterjalide ettevõtted ja sõidukitootjad.
Erinevat tüüpi ettevõtetel on erinevad eelised ja puudused. Näiteks traditsioonilistel taaskasutusettevõtetel on suhteliselt eelised ringlussevõtukanalite, materjalide regenereerimise tehnoloogia, akude purustamise tehnoloogia ja sulatustehnoloogia vallas, kuid neil endal on akuallikate puudumise tõttu vaja teha koostööd originaalseadmete tootjate ja vanaraua tehastega. Tekkivate taaskasutusettevõtete eelised kajastuvad peamiselt akude purustamise ja demonteerimise tehnoloogiates.
Praegu hõlmavad akude jäätmeakude töötlemismeetodid peamiselt pürometallurgia tehnoloogiat ja hüdrometallurgia tehnoloogiat. Pekingi Kaevandus- ja Metallurgia Technology Group Co., Ltd. metallurgiauuringute ja projekteerimisinstituudi direktor Wang Haibei ütles, et olemasoleva tehnoloogia sulatusprotsess on väga keeruline ja raske.
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
Valitsusettevõtted ühendavad jõud läbimurde otsimiseks
Vastuseks ülaltoodud probleemidele on asjaomased osariigi osakonnad välja andnud mitmeid tööstuspoliitikaid, et suunata ja reguleerida akude ringlussevõtu tööstust.
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
Aruannete kohaselt saab pärast seda, kui kasutuselt kõrvaldatud aku on hindamise läbinud, kasutada kaskaadikasutuslinki, et aidata energiasalvestussüsteemil parandada üldist ökonoomsust ja maksimeerida liitiumakude tööiga. Praegu on paljud ettevõtted läbi viinud kaskaadkasutuse näidisprojekte.
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
Sügav{0}}koostöö tööstusahela lihvimiseks
On arusaadav, et elektriakude ringlussevõtu süsteem hõlmab paljusid sidusrühmi, nagu autoettevõtted, akutootjad, akude ringlussevõtu ettevõtted jne. Ahel on pikk ja tegeliku tööprotsessiga on endiselt palju raskusi.
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
On teatatud, et mitmed ettevõtted on selles sinises ookeanis kasutusele võtnud akude ringlussevõtu:
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
2018. aasta jaanuaris allkirjastasid China Tower Corporation ja 16 ettevõtet, sealhulgas Sound Group, strateegilise partnerluslepingu uute energiasõidukite akude ringlussevõtuks. China Tower Company kasutab pärast testimist, sorteerimist ja ümberkorraldamist puhtast elektribussist eemaldatud toiteakut, et asendada sidetugijaama energiavarunduse jaoks plii-happeaku.
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
